Geography question analysis of UPSC prelims 2023

 





 

1. Consider the following statements :

     1. Jhelum River passes through Wular Lake.

     2. Krishna River directly feeds Kolleru Lake.

     3.  Meandering of Gandak River formed Kanwar Lake.

     How many of the statements· given above are correct?

(a)   Only one

(b)   Only two

(c)     All three

(d)    None

Explanation

Ans: (a)

Yes, Jhelum River passes through Wular Lake. Jhelum river originates from Pir Panjal Range (Jammu and Kashmir). India's largest freshwater lake is Wular Lake situated in Jammu and Kashmir.

No, kolleru lake is not directly fed by Krishna River. This lake is indirectly fed by Budameru and Tammileru waterbody, which is connected to Godavari and Krishna.

Kanwar Lake was formed by meandering of Burhi Gandak River. This river originated from Bihar. It is a tributary of Gangas. And Gandak River is a different river that originated from Tibet near Nepal border.

 

 

 

 2. Consider the following trees :

      1. Jackfruit (Artoca7pus heterophyllus)

      2. Mahua (Madhuca indica)

      3. · Teak (Tectona grandis)

    How many of the above are deciduous trees?

(a)    Only one

(b)    Only two

(c)    All three

(d)    None

Explanation

Ans: (b)

Mahua and Teak are deciduous trees. (NCERT Geography book class XI “India: Physical Environment”, page no – 59, section – Tropical deciduous forests).

And jackfruit comes under the evergreen trees.

 

 

 

 3. Consider the following statements :

     1. India has more arable area than China.

     2. The proportion of irrigated area is more in India as compared to China.

     3. The average productivity per hectare in Indian agriculture is higher than that in China:

     How many of the above statements are correct?

(a)   Only one

(b)    Only two

(c)     All three

(d)   None

Explanation

Ans: (a)

No, China has more arable land.

Yes, the proportion of irrigated area is more in India, around 48%, where China has around 41%.

No, the average productivity per hectare in China is higher than Indian agriculture.

 

 

 

 4. Which one of the following is the best example of repeated falls in sea level, giving rise to       present-day extensive marshland?

 (a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves

 (b) Marakkanam Salt Pans

 (c) Naupada Swamp

 (d) Rann of Kutch                                                           

Explanation

Ans: (d)

 

 

 5. Ilmenite and rutile, abundantly available in certain coastal tracts of India, are rich sources of which one of the following?

(a) Aluminium

 (b) Copper

(c) Iron

(d) Titanium

Explanation

Ans: (d)

Ilmenite and rutile, are abundantly available in certain coastal tracts of India, which is rich of titanium.

 

 

 

 6. About three-fourths of world's cobalt, a metal required for the manufacture of batteries for electric motor vehicles, is produced by

(a) Argentina

(b) Botswana

(c) the Democratic Republic of the Congo

(d) Kazakhstan

Explanation

Ans: (c)

The Democratic Republic of Congo has  world largest cobalt reserves. And contribute three-fourths of world’s cobalt.

 

 

 

7. Which one of the following is a part of the Congo Basin?

    (a) Cameroon

    (b) Nigeria

    (c) South Sudan

    (d) Uganda

  Explanation

  Ans: (a)

The Congo Basin is a region of tropical rainforest. It expanded through countries such as Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea.

 

                                               

 

 8. Consider the following statements :

 1. Amarkantak Hills are at the confluence of Vindhya and Sahyadri Ranges.

 2. Biligirirangan Hills constitute the easternmost part of Satpura Range.

 3. Seshachalam Hills constitute the southernmost part of Western Ghats.

 How many of the statements given above are correct?

(a)     Only one

(b)    Only two

(c)     All three

(d)   None

Explanation

Ans: (d)

No, Amarkantak Hills are situated at the confluence of Vindhya and Satpura range.

No, Biligirirangan Hills situated at Eastern Ghats Mountain range.

No, seshachalam Hills situated at Eastern Ghats.

 

 

 

 9. With reference to India's projects on connectivity, consider the following statements:

   1. East-West Corridor under Golden Quadrilateral Project connects Dibrugarh and Surat.

   2.  Trilateral Highway connects Moreh in Manipur and Chiang Mai in Thailand via Myanmar.

   3. Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor connects Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh with Kunming in China.

   How many of the above statements are correct?

(a)    Only one

(b)   only two

(c)    All three

(d)   none

Explanation 

Ans: (d)

No, East-West Corridor under Golden Quadrilateral Project connects Parbandar in Gujarat to Silchar in Assam.

No, Trilateral Highway connects Moreh in Manipur and Mae Sot Thailand via Myanmar.

  No, Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor connects Kolkata with Kunming in China.

 

 

 

 10. Consider the following statements:

       Statement – I

       India, despite having uranium deposits depends on Coal for most of its electricity production.

       Statement – II

       Uranium, enriched to the extent of at least 60%, is required for the production of electricity.

       Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a)    Both statements – I and statement - II are correct and statement - II is the correct explanation for statement – I

(b)   Both statement – I and statement - II are correct and statement - II is not the correct explanation for statement – I

(c)    Statement – I is correct but statement - II is incorrect.

(d)   Statement – I is incorrect but statement – II is correct.

Explanation

Ans: (c)

Yes, despite having uranium deposits India depends on coal for electricity production. It's around 75% of total production.

No, Uranium, enriched to the extent of at least 3% - 5% is required for the production of electricity.

 

 

 11. consider the following pairs:

       Object in space                    Description

1.      Cepheids                  :    Giant clouds of dust and gas in space

2.      Nebulae                    :    Stars which brighten and dim Periodically

3.      Pulsars                       :    Neutron stars That are from where massive stars run out of

                                         Fuel and collapse

 

 

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

(a)   Only one

(b)   Only two

(c)    All three

(d)   None

Explanation

Ans: (a)

Cepheids are stars with Characteristics is brighten and dim Periodically.

In the space, nebulae are giant clouds of dust and gas.

3 is correctly matched.

 

 

 12. Consider the following countries:

                                 1. Bulgaria

                                  2. Czech Republic

        3. Hungary

        4. Latvia

        5. Lithuania

        6. Romania

        How many of the above-mentioned countries share a land border with Ukraine?

(a)   Only two

(b)   Only three

(c)     Only four

(d)    Only five

Explanation

Ans: (a)

Ukraine shares border with countries Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova.

 

 

 

 

   13. With reference to the earth’s atmosphere, which one of the following statements is correct?

(a)    The total amount of isolation received at the equator is roughly about 10 times of that received at the poles.

(b)   Infrared rays Constitute roughly two-thirds of insolation.

(c)    Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapor that is concentrated in the lower atmosphere.

(d)   Infrared waves are a part of visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves of solar radiation.

          Explanation

          Ans: (c)

 No, the total amount of isolation received at the equator is roughly 5 times that received at the poles. (NCERT Geography book class XI “Fundamentals of Physical Geography”, page no – 80, section – Spatial distribution of insolation at the earth’s surface).

  No, Infrared rays do not constitute two–thirds of insolation.

 Yes, Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapor, which is concentrated in the lower atmosphere.

No, Infrared waves are not part of the visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves of solar radiation. It has longer wavelengths than that

       

 

 

 14. Consider the following statements:

       Statement – I

        The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients.

       Statement – II

       The high temperature and moisture of tropical rain forests cause dead organic matter in the soil   to decompose quickly.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a)    Both statements – I and statement - II are correct and statement - II is the correct explanation for statement – I

(b)   Both statement – I and statement - II are correct and statement - II is not the correct explanation for statement – I

(c)    Statement – I is correct but statement - II is incorrect.

(d)   Statement – I is incorrect but statement – II is correct.

Explanation

Ans: (d)

No, the soil in tropical rain forests is poor in nutrients due to leaching by heavy rainfall.

Yes, statement – II is right.

 

 

 15. Consider the following statements:

       Statement – I

       The temperature contrast between Continents and oceans is greater during summer than in winter.

       Statement – II

       The specific heat of water is more than that of land surface.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a)    Both statements – I and statement - II are correct and statement - II is the correct explanation for statement – I

(b)   Both statement – I and statement - II are correct and statement - II is not the correct explanation for statement – I

(c)    Statement – I is correct but statement - II is incorrect.

(d)   Statement – I is incorrect but statement – II is correct

Explanation

Ans: (b)

Yes, statement – I is Correct.

Specific heat of water is more, means to change of temperature of water requires more energy than land. Yes, statement – II is correct.

 

 

 

16. Consider the following statements:

1.      In a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than S waves.

2.      In P waves, the individual particles vibrate to and fro In the direction of wave propagation whereas in S waves, the Particles vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction of Wave propagation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a)    1 only

(b)    2 only     

(c)    Both 1 and 2

(d)   Neither 1 nor 2

       Explanation

       Ans: (c) 

 Yes, in a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than S waves.

      Yes, P waves vibrate parallel to the direction of the waves. Thus, this leads to particles vibrating to and fro in the direction.  And S waves travel like ocean waves, which are perpendicular to the direction. Thus, this leads to particles vibrating up and down at the right angles to the direction.

 (NCERT Geography book class XI “Fundamentals of Physical Geography”, page no – 22, section – propagation of earthquake waves).

 

 

 

17. With reference to coal-based thermal Power plants in India, consider the following statements:

1.      None of them uses seawater.

2.      None of them is set up in water-stressed district.

3.      None of them is privately owned.

How many of the above statements are Correct?

(a)    Only one

(b)   Only two

(c)    All three

(d)   None

        Explanation

       Ans: (d)

     Several thermal power plants in India uses seawater.

     Yes, some thermal power plants set up water stresses district.

     Yes, several thermal power plants are privately owned.


 

 

18. Consider the following statements:

      Statement - I

      Switzerland is one of the leading exporters of gold in terms of value.

      Statement - II

      Switzerland has the second largest gold reserves in the world.

      Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a)    Both statements – I and statement - II are correct and statement - II is the correct explanation for statement – I

(b)   Both statement – I and statement - II are correct and statement - II is not the correct explanation for statement – I

(c)    Statement – I is correct but statement - II is incorrect.

(d)   Statement – I is incorrect but statement – II is correct

      Explanation

      Ans: (c)

Yes, statement – I is correct.

No, the United States has the largest gold reserves in the world. And the second largest is Germany.

 

 

 

 

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